3.271 \(\int \frac{1}{a+b x^2+c x^4} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=150 \[ \frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c} \sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}}\right )}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c} \sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}} \]

[Out]

(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*x)/Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/(Sqrt[
b^2 - 4*a*c]*Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]) - (Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqr
t[c]*x)/Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/(Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]*Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a
*c]])

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Rubi [A]  time = 0.209277, antiderivative size = 150, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 3, number of rules used = 2, integrand size = 14, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.143 \[ \frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c} \sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}}\right )}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c} \sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}} \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]  Int[(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)^(-1),x]

[Out]

(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*x)/Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/(Sqrt[
b^2 - 4*a*c]*Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]) - (Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqr
t[c]*x)/Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/(Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]*Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a
*c]])

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Rubi in Sympy [A]  time = 19.6128, size = 138, normalized size = 0.92 \[ - \frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} \operatorname{atan}{\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{b + \sqrt{- 4 a c + b^{2}}}} \right )}}{\sqrt{b + \sqrt{- 4 a c + b^{2}}} \sqrt{- 4 a c + b^{2}}} + \frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} \operatorname{atan}{\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{b - \sqrt{- 4 a c + b^{2}}}} \right )}}{\sqrt{b - \sqrt{- 4 a c + b^{2}}} \sqrt{- 4 a c + b^{2}}} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  rubi_integrate(1/(c*x**4+b*x**2+a),x)

[Out]

-sqrt(2)*sqrt(c)*atan(sqrt(2)*sqrt(c)*x/sqrt(b + sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2)))/(sqrt(b +
sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2))*sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2)) + sqrt(2)*sqrt(c)*atan(sqrt(2)*sqrt(c
)*x/sqrt(b - sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2)))/(sqrt(b - sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2))*sqrt(-4*a*c +
b**2))

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Mathematica [A]  time = 0.161404, size = 129, normalized size = 0.86 \[ \frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} \left (\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}}\right )}{\sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}}\right )}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]  Integrate[(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)^(-1),x]

[Out]

(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*(ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*x)/Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]]/Sqrt[b
- Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]] - ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*x)/Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]]/
Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]))/Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]

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Maple [A]  time = 0.002, size = 116, normalized size = 0.8 \[ -{c\sqrt{2}\arctan \left ({cx\sqrt{2}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{ \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) c}}}} \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{ \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) c}}}}-{c\sqrt{2}{\it Artanh} \left ({cx\sqrt{2}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{ \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) c}}}} \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{ \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) c}}}} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  int(1/(c*x^4+b*x^2+a),x)

[Out]

-c/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)*2^(1/2)/((b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*c)^(1/2)*arctan(c*x*2^(1/2
)/((b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*c)^(1/2))-c/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)*2^(1/2)/((-b+(-4*a*c+b^
2)^(1/2))*c)^(1/2)*arctanh(c*x*2^(1/2)/((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*c)^(1/2))

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Maxima [F]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \[ \int \frac{1}{c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a}\,{d x} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate(1/(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

integrate(1/(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a), x)

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Fricas [A]  time = 0.266291, size = 828, normalized size = 5.52 \[ -\frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{-\frac{b + \frac{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}{\sqrt{a^{2} b^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} c}}}{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}} \log \left (2 \, c x + \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}{\left (b^{2} - 4 \, a c - \frac{a b^{3} - 4 \, a^{2} b c}{\sqrt{a^{2} b^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} c}}\right )} \sqrt{-\frac{b + \frac{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}{\sqrt{a^{2} b^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} c}}}{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}}\right ) + \frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{-\frac{b + \frac{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}{\sqrt{a^{2} b^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} c}}}{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}} \log \left (2 \, c x - \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}{\left (b^{2} - 4 \, a c - \frac{a b^{3} - 4 \, a^{2} b c}{\sqrt{a^{2} b^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} c}}\right )} \sqrt{-\frac{b + \frac{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}{\sqrt{a^{2} b^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} c}}}{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}}\right ) - \frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{-\frac{b - \frac{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}{\sqrt{a^{2} b^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} c}}}{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}} \log \left (2 \, c x + \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}{\left (b^{2} - 4 \, a c + \frac{a b^{3} - 4 \, a^{2} b c}{\sqrt{a^{2} b^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} c}}\right )} \sqrt{-\frac{b - \frac{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}{\sqrt{a^{2} b^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} c}}}{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}}\right ) + \frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{-\frac{b - \frac{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}{\sqrt{a^{2} b^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} c}}}{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}} \log \left (2 \, c x - \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}{\left (b^{2} - 4 \, a c + \frac{a b^{3} - 4 \, a^{2} b c}{\sqrt{a^{2} b^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} c}}\right )} \sqrt{-\frac{b - \frac{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}{\sqrt{a^{2} b^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} c}}}{a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c}}\right ) \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate(1/(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

-1/2*sqrt(1/2)*sqrt(-(b + (a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c)/sqrt(a^2*b^2 - 4*a^3*c))/(a*b^2 - 4*
a^2*c))*log(2*c*x + sqrt(1/2)*(b^2 - 4*a*c - (a*b^3 - 4*a^2*b*c)/sqrt(a^2*b^2 -
4*a^3*c))*sqrt(-(b + (a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c)/sqrt(a^2*b^2 - 4*a^3*c))/(a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c
))) + 1/2*sqrt(1/2)*sqrt(-(b + (a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c)/sqrt(a^2*b^2 - 4*a^3*c))/(a*b^2
- 4*a^2*c))*log(2*c*x - sqrt(1/2)*(b^2 - 4*a*c - (a*b^3 - 4*a^2*b*c)/sqrt(a^2*b
^2 - 4*a^3*c))*sqrt(-(b + (a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c)/sqrt(a^2*b^2 - 4*a^3*c))/(a*b^2 - 4*
a^2*c))) - 1/2*sqrt(1/2)*sqrt(-(b - (a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c)/sqrt(a^2*b^2 - 4*a^3*c))/(
a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c))*log(2*c*x + sqrt(1/2)*(b^2 - 4*a*c + (a*b^3 - 4*a^2*b*c)/sqrt(
a^2*b^2 - 4*a^3*c))*sqrt(-(b - (a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c)/sqrt(a^2*b^2 - 4*a^3*c))/(a*b^2
- 4*a^2*c))) + 1/2*sqrt(1/2)*sqrt(-(b - (a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c)/sqrt(a^2*b^2 - 4*a^3*
c))/(a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c))*log(2*c*x - sqrt(1/2)*(b^2 - 4*a*c + (a*b^3 - 4*a^2*b*c)/
sqrt(a^2*b^2 - 4*a^3*c))*sqrt(-(b - (a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c)/sqrt(a^2*b^2 - 4*a^3*c))/(
a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c)))

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Sympy [A]  time = 3.03658, size = 87, normalized size = 0.58 \[ \operatorname{RootSum}{\left (t^{4} \left (256 a^{3} c^{2} - 128 a^{2} b^{2} c + 16 a b^{4}\right ) + t^{2} \left (- 16 a b c + 4 b^{3}\right ) + c, \left ( t \mapsto t \log{\left (x + \frac{32 t^{3} a^{2} b c - 8 t^{3} a b^{3} + 4 t a c - 2 t b^{2}}{c} \right )} \right )\right )} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate(1/(c*x**4+b*x**2+a),x)

[Out]

RootSum(_t**4*(256*a**3*c**2 - 128*a**2*b**2*c + 16*a*b**4) + _t**2*(-16*a*b*c +
4*b**3) + c, Lambda(_t, _t*log(x + (32*_t**3*a**2*b*c - 8*_t**3*a*b**3 + 4*_t*a
*c - 2*_t*b**2)/c)))

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GIAC/XCAS [A]  time = 0.368573, size = 1, normalized size = 0.01 \[ \mathit{Done} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate(1/(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

Done